ADTRAN ATLAS 550 Manual de usuario Pagina 219
- Pagina / 262
- Tabla de contenidos
- SOLUCIÓN DE PROBLEMAS
- MARCADORES
Valorado. / 5. Basado en revisión del cliente
Appendix B. OSI Model and Frame Relay Technology Overview
61200305L1-1 ATLAS 550 User Manual B-7
the frame relay network, the largest CIR available for purchase would be
56k.Although datacould burst from siteAto theframe relaynetwork at the
full T1 speed of 1.536 Mbps, it would queue up in the frame relay network
until it could be sent across the56-kbps DDS circuit. This queue could cause
network congestion.
Managing Network Congestion
If congestion becomes a problem within the network due to excessive data
beingdeliveredfromoneofthesites,theframerelayswitchattemptstoflow
control the data by sending bits that notify network devices that transmis-
sionsintheoppositedirectionarecongested.Thesebits arecalled Backward
Explicit Congestion Notification (BECN) and Forward Explicit Congestion
Notification (FECN).
Forexample,ifaframerelayswitchbeginstoexperiencecongestion,itsends
theupstreamsiteaFECNandthedownstreamsiteaBECN.Thisnotification
indicates to the frame relay equipment that the frame relay switch is experi-
encingdifficultyandthattheframerelaydeviceshouldbegintoflowcontrol
its traffic.
Figure B-4 shows an example of FECN and BECN messages being transmit-
ted to theframe relayequipment when congestion occurs. Both ends are no-
tifiedthatcongestionisoccurringwithintheswitch.Youmightwonderwhy
the receiving end should receive notification of congestion and then flow
control its data when the other end is causing the problem by sending large
amountsofdata.Flowcontrolisusedbythereceivingendsothatupperlay-
er acknowledgments from the destination slow down, therebyreducing the
amount ofdata being transmitted fromthe source.
Figure B-4. Network Congestion and Flow Control
BECN
Data Source
Frame Relay/
Router
Frame Relay/Router
Switch Congestion
FECN
Frame Relay/Route
r
Frame
Switch
Frame
Switch
Data Destination
- ATLAS 550 1
- TRADEMARKS 2
- Table of Contents 11
- List of Figures 25
- List of Tables 29
- Introduction 31
- Access Router 32
- Access Switch 33
- Additional Applications 34
- ATLAS 550 FEATURES 35
- Chapter 1. Introduction 36
- Installation 37
- GROUNDING INSTRUCTIONS 38
- SUPPLYING POWER TO THE UNIT 39
- MOUNTING OPTIONS 39
- Control/Chain In Port 40
- Control/Chain Out Port 41
- Ethernet Connection 41
- Alarm Relay Connection 42
- Network Connection 43
- Test Interface 44
- Frame Relay Specifications 44
- IP Router Specifications 45
- Option Slots 45
- INSTALLING OPTION MODULES 45
- Chapter 2. Installation 46
- Operation 47
- Chapter 3. Operation 48
- CONTROL/CHAIN IN 48
- USING TELNET 49
- Using the Front Panel 51
- CRAFT PORT 52
- FRONT PANEL LEDS 52
- Navigating the Terminal Menus 57
- Menu Path 58
- Window Panes 58
- Moving through the Menus 61
- Session Management Keystrokes 61
- Configuration Keystrokes 62
- Getting Help 62
- System Control Terminal Menus 63
- SECURITY LEVELS 64
- EVENT LOG 66
- RESOURCE USAGE 68
- CHAIN PORT SIGNAL 69
- CHAIN PORT TX 69
- INTERNAL 70
- SESSION TIMEOUT 71
- MAX TELNET 71
- SESSIONS 71
- ETHERNET PORT 71
- CHAIN PORT 72
- EVENT LOGGING 76
- SYSLOG SETUP 76
- REAL TIME CLOCK 76
- PASSWORDS 77
- LICENSES 78
- LARM RELAY 79
- HRESHOLD 79
- PDATE FIRMWARE 79
- None Selected 80
- Has not been attempted 81
- Module Update Complete 81
- UPDATE STATUS 82
- CONFIG TRANSFER 82
- SYSTEM UTILIZATION 83
- SYSTEM SELFTEST 83
- EBOOT SYSTEM 86
- ACTORY DEFAULT 86
- Module Terminal Menus 87
- Packet Manager 95
- PERFORMANCE 98
- Chapter 8. Packet Manager 100
- ENDPNT COUNT 106
- ENDPNTS SORT 106
- NABLE IQ STATS 108
- ORT ENABLES 108
- VIEW IQ STATISTICS 109
- OVERVIEW 115
- Chapter 9 115
- Chapter 9. Router 116
- IP MENUS 117
- NTERFACES 119
- SUBNET MASK 120
- FAR-END ADDRESS 120
- PROXY ARP 122
- PORT NAME 122
- IP ADDRESS 122
- DEFAULT GATEWAY 122
- TATISTICS 124
- IP FAST CACHE 128
- RELAY TABLE 129
- Dedicated Maps 131
- APS 1 THROUGH 5 132
- ORT TO/FROM 133
- Chapter 10. Dedicated Maps 134
- ACTIVATE TIME 136
- ENBL DAY 136
- IGNALING 137
- Dial Plan 143
- Interface Configurations 144
- UT#ACCEPT 145
- Chapter 11. Dial Plan 146
- IFCE CONFIG 147
- N#ACCEPT 148
- INTERFACE CONFIGURATIONS 152
- SWITCH TYPE 153
- FIRST DS0 153
- NUMBER OF DS0S 153
- OUTGOING NUMBER 153
- CONVERSION 153
- STRIP MSD 154
- SOURCE ID 156
- SWAP ANI/DNIS 156
- S AVAILABLE 157
- IGNALING METHOD 157
- X SEQUENCE 157
- INK AFTER ANI/ 157
- DIGIT SUPPRESSION 158
- DIRECT INWARD 158
- TRUNK NUMBER 158
- ALLED DIGTS 161
- RANSFERRED 161
- UTGOING CALLER 161
- OURCE ID 161
- WAP ANI/DNIS 161
- DS0S AVAILABLE 162
- SIGNALING METHOD 162
- DIAL ON OFFHOOK 164
- SPID LIST 166
- CREATING DIAL PLANS—EXAMPLES 168
- AT L A S 5 5 0 A 169
- ATLAS 550 B 169
- PKTENDPT 170
- PKTVOICE 173
- Menus for Network Termination 175
- Menus for User Termination 176
- Updating Firmware 177
- TFTP FIRMWARE UPDATES 179
- Updating Firmware using TFTP 179
- Schedule 180
- Current Update Status 180
- Chapter 12. Updating Firmware 181
- SNMP Management 183
- SNMP TRAPS 184
- Trap Destination List 184
- Standard Traps 185
- DS1 Traps 186
- Chapter 13. SNMP Management 187
- ADTRAN Utilities 189
- SysLog GUI 190
- Menu Bar 191
- RASE LOG FILES 192
- EFINE RED EVENTS 192
- ROPERTIES 192
- LEAR RED EVENTS 192
- TELNET UTILITY 193
- Chapter 14. ADTRAN Utilities 195
- VT-100 UTILITY 196
- ISCONNECT 197
- ILE TRANSFER 197
- EFRESH SCREEN 197
- TFTP SERVER UTILITY 198
- TFTP Download Complete 201
- System Event Logging 203
- ISDN CAUSE CODES 208
- CAUSE CODE LOG ENTRIES 210
- Technology Overview 213
- OSI Model and Frame Relay 213
- FRAME RELAY 215
- Virtual Circuits 215
- User-to-Network Interface 217
- Managing Network Congestion 219
- Frame Relay Examples 221
- Site Router 224
- Frame Relay 228
- Router Examples 231
- CENTRAL-SITE ROUTER 232
- Appendix D. Router Examples 233
- Troubleshooting 235
- Misconfiguration 236
- Frame relay link is down 237
- Appendix E. Troubleshooting 238
- Acronyms and Abbreviations 239
- Glossary 241
- Appendix G. Glossary 242
- Numerics 253
- Product Support Information 261
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